Let Us Now Praise Martin Luther King Junior: Part Six
Would Martin Luther King have condemned the movements that sprung up after he died? Some he might have praised. Others he might have shied away from.
Tamara Burke is an Alabaman born social activist She was talking to a 13 year old girl in the 1990's. "My mother's boyfriend is sexually abusing me," this girl said in effect. After this, Burke started a #MeToo movement. It targeted men who sexually harassed women. In October 2017, this movement went viral after one woman alleged she'd been sexually harassed by media mogul Harvey Weinstein Soon scores of women publicly denounced certain men who they claimed had molested them. People like Charlie Rose, Jeffrey Epstein and other powerful men were toppled from power after being accused of sexual molestation.
The #MeToo movement would never have become so powerful if feminism hadn't been reborn in the early 1970's. King probably would have supported this movement. On the other hand, he might have had trouble dealing with the movement of transgendered people.
For the Reverend Martin Luther King Junior in some ways was a very conventional man. He grew up in the 1930's and 1940's, in the very conservative U.S. south. His father and smother ran a very conventional home. And King didn't always get on with assertive women. He clashed with black activist Ella Baker, a brave woman who helped found the Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee.
King didn't stand alone on this issue. "Women's position in the civil rights movement is prone," said Stokely Carmichael the charismatic leader of SNCC. Many women, black and white ones, were repelled by the machismo of the civil rights movement and the anti-Vietnam War protestors. That was one reason why women set up feminist women-only groups in the 1970's.
Nearly all the leaders of the civil rights movement were men. Until the 1970's men ruled the roost in left wing, right wing and all movements of whatever political persuasion. Male domination of nearly everything was the order of the day. This only started to change with the emergence of feminism. Even to-day most of the top people in the world are men.
Yet that said, Martin Luther King Junior deserves the praise heaped on him. He was an exceptional man. His tactics probably wouldn't have worked to-day For in the past fifty years, the world has changed dramatically from what it was in say, 1965. "I have a dream," he said in his famous speech in Washington, D.C,. in 1963. His dreams didn't all come true. Yet his struggles on behalf of social and racial justice, peace and equality stand out as an awesome example of activism in this age of conservatism.
He was truly a great American.
Wednesday, 11 September 2019
Wednesday, 4 September 2019
Let Us Now Praise Martin Luther King Junior: Part Five by Dave Jaffe
Let Us Now Praise Martin Luther King Junior: Part Five.
It's hard to know whether Martin Luther king Junior would have agreed with some of the groups that sprung up after the civil rights movement appeared.
Even in his lifetime some African-Americans had no time for his non-violent approach to social change. "Violence is as American as apple pie," said H."Rap" Brown, a leader of the Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee or "Snick" as it was called. Snick in the mid-sixties swerved away from the path of peaceful change and embraced black nationalism. King never denounced Snick. Rap Brown was later imprisoned and is still in prison to-day.
The black revolutionary Malcolm X. jeered at the 1963 March on Washington , D.C. He dubbed it "The farce in Washington". In 1966 Huey Newton and young other African Americans paraded in some African American areas armed with guns and confronted police. At one time, Newton who grew up in the Oakland Bay area went along with some of his friends to California's state capitol of Sacramento to confront the state government. On that day most of the Panthers openly carried guns.
Police clashed with the Panthers in several cities and killed some Black Panthers. Under these police attacks, the Panthers faded away or then supported moderate African American politicians. At the start of their movement, the Panthers set out ten basic points to lift African Americans out of poverty and free them from white racism. I don't think King denounced the Panthers. Yet I doubt he would have embraced the Panthers who had no time for King's non-violent approach.
Native Americans were the poorest of all U.S. citizens in the 1960's. I forgot to mention them in the previous parts of this entry. In the late 1960's many of them looked at the civil rights movement and were spurred into protesting their status. Some of them joined with King in 1968 in his proposed march on poverty in Washington. Others occupied the former prison and island fortress of Alcatraz in the San Francisco Bay. Others picked up guns and had shootouts with agents from the Federal Bureau of Investigation.
The Lakota Sioux native Leonard Pelletier fled the U.S. for Vancouver, Canada in the mid-1970's. Pelletier was charged with killing two F.B.I. agents in a clash on an Indian reservation at Wounded Knee. He was later deported back to the U.S. where he was tried and then imprisoned. He's still in prison to-day.
Other people from the white New Left like the Weathermen and some maybe who were African Americans planted bombs at draft boards, companies that made war products, police stations
and U.S. government offices. In 1971 alone, over 2,000 bombs went off in the U.S. many of them aimed at political targets. "America was born out of a genocidal impulse," said U.S. activist Tom Hayden.in effect. True or not, many left wing Americans condemned the U.S. war in Indochina, drawing parallels between the U.S. past wars on native Americans and the prevailing war in Vietnam, Cambodia and Laos.
U.S. prisons were also the scene of many uprisings in the late 1960's and early 1970's. Many of these protests were led by African American prisoners. George Jackson was a black man and prisoner who wrote a best selling book called 'Soledad Brother'. He was killed in a shootout with prison guards. His brother Jonathan also died in a hostage taking incident in Bay area courthouse. The last great rebellion in the U.S. occurred in the Attica prison in upstate New York in 1971. "You're doing a great job," New York state governor Nelson Rockefeller told journalist Tom Wicker who was invited by hostage holding prisoners to the prison.
Later Rockefeller sent in police and others to crush this rebellion. Close to three dozen people were killed in the shootout that ensued. Among this group were some prison guards.
The yippie Jerry Rubin went even further in his verbal assault of American institutions. "Kill your parents," he told some of his audiences in the late 19760's. Rubin later modified this statement
It's unlikely that Martin Luther King would have agreed with Rubin or many other revolutionary groups that surfaced in the late 1960's or early 1970's. He wouldn't have endorsed their open embrace of violence. He was a Christian minister, a believing Baptist and was close to his well-known minister father. King embraced non-violent protest and had no time for bloodshed.
It's hard to know whether Martin Luther king Junior would have agreed with some of the groups that sprung up after the civil rights movement appeared.
Even in his lifetime some African-Americans had no time for his non-violent approach to social change. "Violence is as American as apple pie," said H."Rap" Brown, a leader of the Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee or "Snick" as it was called. Snick in the mid-sixties swerved away from the path of peaceful change and embraced black nationalism. King never denounced Snick. Rap Brown was later imprisoned and is still in prison to-day.
The black revolutionary Malcolm X. jeered at the 1963 March on Washington , D.C. He dubbed it "The farce in Washington". In 1966 Huey Newton and young other African Americans paraded in some African American areas armed with guns and confronted police. At one time, Newton who grew up in the Oakland Bay area went along with some of his friends to California's state capitol of Sacramento to confront the state government. On that day most of the Panthers openly carried guns.
Police clashed with the Panthers in several cities and killed some Black Panthers. Under these police attacks, the Panthers faded away or then supported moderate African American politicians. At the start of their movement, the Panthers set out ten basic points to lift African Americans out of poverty and free them from white racism. I don't think King denounced the Panthers. Yet I doubt he would have embraced the Panthers who had no time for King's non-violent approach.
Native Americans were the poorest of all U.S. citizens in the 1960's. I forgot to mention them in the previous parts of this entry. In the late 1960's many of them looked at the civil rights movement and were spurred into protesting their status. Some of them joined with King in 1968 in his proposed march on poverty in Washington. Others occupied the former prison and island fortress of Alcatraz in the San Francisco Bay. Others picked up guns and had shootouts with agents from the Federal Bureau of Investigation.
The Lakota Sioux native Leonard Pelletier fled the U.S. for Vancouver, Canada in the mid-1970's. Pelletier was charged with killing two F.B.I. agents in a clash on an Indian reservation at Wounded Knee. He was later deported back to the U.S. where he was tried and then imprisoned. He's still in prison to-day.
Other people from the white New Left like the Weathermen and some maybe who were African Americans planted bombs at draft boards, companies that made war products, police stations
and U.S. government offices. In 1971 alone, over 2,000 bombs went off in the U.S. many of them aimed at political targets. "America was born out of a genocidal impulse," said U.S. activist Tom Hayden.in effect. True or not, many left wing Americans condemned the U.S. war in Indochina, drawing parallels between the U.S. past wars on native Americans and the prevailing war in Vietnam, Cambodia and Laos.
U.S. prisons were also the scene of many uprisings in the late 1960's and early 1970's. Many of these protests were led by African American prisoners. George Jackson was a black man and prisoner who wrote a best selling book called 'Soledad Brother'. He was killed in a shootout with prison guards. His brother Jonathan also died in a hostage taking incident in Bay area courthouse. The last great rebellion in the U.S. occurred in the Attica prison in upstate New York in 1971. "You're doing a great job," New York state governor Nelson Rockefeller told journalist Tom Wicker who was invited by hostage holding prisoners to the prison.
Later Rockefeller sent in police and others to crush this rebellion. Close to three dozen people were killed in the shootout that ensued. Among this group were some prison guards.
The yippie Jerry Rubin went even further in his verbal assault of American institutions. "Kill your parents," he told some of his audiences in the late 19760's. Rubin later modified this statement
It's unlikely that Martin Luther King would have agreed with Rubin or many other revolutionary groups that surfaced in the late 1960's or early 1970's. He wouldn't have endorsed their open embrace of violence. He was a Christian minister, a believing Baptist and was close to his well-known minister father. King embraced non-violent protest and had no time for bloodshed.
Friday, 23 August 2019
Let Us Now Praise Martin Luther King Junior by Dave Jaffe: Part Four.
Let Us Now Praise Martin Luther King Junior: Part Four
"I have a dream," Martin Luther King said, in his speech at the great March in Washington, D.C in the summer of 1963. Yet his dream of racial equality and racial justice is still a long way away. This is true not only in the United States but also in Europe, Canada and other parts of the world.
In the U.S. at this time, a right wing president Donald Trump slashes one social program after another. The Republican Party, that Trump belongs to, applauds these actions while remaining firmly anti-abortion, anti-gun control, anti-same sex marriage and anti-trade unions. It also has little sympathy for African-Americans even while about 10 per cent of black people who vote, do vote Republican. Meanwhile millions of African Americans live in dire poverty while Hispanic refugees from Central America are parked in camps that are prisons. Many of these people are separated from their children.
The U.S. remains a country where one in five of its people have no medical coverage or inadequate medical care plans. Many of these people are African Americans and other people of colour. "If all the discriminatory laws in the U.S.," wrote Michael Harrington in the early 1960's, "were immediately repealed, race would still remain one of the most pressing political and moral problems in the United States." Harrington was right. Despite all the anti-racist laws that were passed in the last 50 years and despite the fact that an African American Barack Obama has been president, the U.S. is still more unequal today than it was when Dr. King was alive.
The U.S. hardly stands alone here. In Europe, the collapse of the Soviet Union, the events of 9/11 and the great economic recession of 2007 and 2008, have turned many European countries into very unequal places. In Germany, Italy, France and other places millions of voters have turned away from political parties of the centre right and centre left. Instead they vote for racist and anti-immigrant parties. The social democratic parties survive in some Scandinavian countries. Elsewhere they survive on borrowed time or have vanished.
In eastern Europe, that was freed from the heavy hand of communism, openly anti-Semitic and anti Moslem governments have taken power in Hungary and Poland.
Of course this is not the whole story. 1968, the year that Reverend King was shot dead, saw massive rebellions across the world. Yet they nearly all failed. In France, Czechoslavakia, Mexico and other countries the old conservative governments remained in power. In Vietnam the terrible war dragged on, despite the massive Tet Offensive launched in early 1968. Yet in the wake of these failed rebellions, new groups suddenly appeared to claim equality. Feminists, gays, lesbians, environmentalists, Black Power advocates, Quebec sovereigntists and a massive anti-Vietnam War movement emerged from the shadows.
In the next twenty years women won the right to abortion, ran for political office and often won. Women became lawyers, doctors, business people, and filled many other professions and jobs. Openly gay people ran for office and sometimes won .In Canada for instance, in 1970 there was only one women Member of Parliament, namely Grace McInnis, whose father James S. Woodsworth. had been a famous socialist. Yet nearly fifty years later in 2015 there were 90 women Members of Parliament out of a total of 238 M.P.s This was still not true equality. Yet it was a tremendous step forward.
The rise of the civil rights movement that King was part of, transmitted the elixir of dissent and protest across vast swaths of people in the U.S. and then to other parts of the world. "Let freedom ring," King proclaimed at the 1963 March in Washington. His message was heard not just by African Americans but by many other people in his country and elsewhere. As King's friend and comrade the Reverend Jesse Jackson told the 1984 Democratic convention,the civil rights movement paved the way for many other movements for justice and equality. And the fact that Reverend Jackson was running for the Democratic nomination for president showed how far African Americans had come.
"I have a dream," Martin Luther King said, in his speech at the great March in Washington, D.C in the summer of 1963. Yet his dream of racial equality and racial justice is still a long way away. This is true not only in the United States but also in Europe, Canada and other parts of the world.
In the U.S. at this time, a right wing president Donald Trump slashes one social program after another. The Republican Party, that Trump belongs to, applauds these actions while remaining firmly anti-abortion, anti-gun control, anti-same sex marriage and anti-trade unions. It also has little sympathy for African-Americans even while about 10 per cent of black people who vote, do vote Republican. Meanwhile millions of African Americans live in dire poverty while Hispanic refugees from Central America are parked in camps that are prisons. Many of these people are separated from their children.
The U.S. remains a country where one in five of its people have no medical coverage or inadequate medical care plans. Many of these people are African Americans and other people of colour. "If all the discriminatory laws in the U.S.," wrote Michael Harrington in the early 1960's, "were immediately repealed, race would still remain one of the most pressing political and moral problems in the United States." Harrington was right. Despite all the anti-racist laws that were passed in the last 50 years and despite the fact that an African American Barack Obama has been president, the U.S. is still more unequal today than it was when Dr. King was alive.
The U.S. hardly stands alone here. In Europe, the collapse of the Soviet Union, the events of 9/11 and the great economic recession of 2007 and 2008, have turned many European countries into very unequal places. In Germany, Italy, France and other places millions of voters have turned away from political parties of the centre right and centre left. Instead they vote for racist and anti-immigrant parties. The social democratic parties survive in some Scandinavian countries. Elsewhere they survive on borrowed time or have vanished.
In eastern Europe, that was freed from the heavy hand of communism, openly anti-Semitic and anti Moslem governments have taken power in Hungary and Poland.
Of course this is not the whole story. 1968, the year that Reverend King was shot dead, saw massive rebellions across the world. Yet they nearly all failed. In France, Czechoslavakia, Mexico and other countries the old conservative governments remained in power. In Vietnam the terrible war dragged on, despite the massive Tet Offensive launched in early 1968. Yet in the wake of these failed rebellions, new groups suddenly appeared to claim equality. Feminists, gays, lesbians, environmentalists, Black Power advocates, Quebec sovereigntists and a massive anti-Vietnam War movement emerged from the shadows.
In the next twenty years women won the right to abortion, ran for political office and often won. Women became lawyers, doctors, business people, and filled many other professions and jobs. Openly gay people ran for office and sometimes won .In Canada for instance, in 1970 there was only one women Member of Parliament, namely Grace McInnis, whose father James S. Woodsworth. had been a famous socialist. Yet nearly fifty years later in 2015 there were 90 women Members of Parliament out of a total of 238 M.P.s This was still not true equality. Yet it was a tremendous step forward.
The rise of the civil rights movement that King was part of, transmitted the elixir of dissent and protest across vast swaths of people in the U.S. and then to other parts of the world. "Let freedom ring," King proclaimed at the 1963 March in Washington. His message was heard not just by African Americans but by many other people in his country and elsewhere. As King's friend and comrade the Reverend Jesse Jackson told the 1984 Democratic convention,the civil rights movement paved the way for many other movements for justice and equality. And the fact that Reverend Jackson was running for the Democratic nomination for president showed how far African Americans had come.
Tuesday, 20 August 2019
Let Us Now Praise Martin Luther King Junior by Dave Jaffe: Part Three
Let Us Now Praise Martin Luther King Junior: Part Three..
Martin Luther King Junior was an apostle of non-violence. All his campaigns were based on the ethic of never meeting violence with violence. In his lifetime King was imprisoned. handcuffed, tear gassed and assaulted. He and other members of his organization the Southern Christian Leadership Conference were committed to never lifting their fists to reply to violence, King himself was nearly killed twice before he was shot dead.
African Americans paid a terrible price for their campaign against racial injustice. Medgar Evers was one of the American south's promoters of racial justice. He was shot dead in his house in the summer of 1963. A few months later a bomb went off in a church mostly attended by black people and killed four African American children. Arsonists burned down many churches in Mississippi where black people came together and planned to tear down white racism. Police frequently sprayed protestors with tear gas, hosed them with water cannons, unleashed attack dogs on anti-racist marchers and clubbed many of them to the ground.
"I don't believe in this non-violence," one black man told me tin the summer of 1963. To this man it only meant that "we black people get hurt. Nobody else does." Three people were killed in the Mississipp Summer of 1964, two of whom were white and one who was black. Two people were killed in the middle of the 1965 demonstrations in Selma. And when King was assasinated, major rebellions broke out across the United States and involved mostly African Americans
When the fires of this revolt were crushed, close to 170 people nearly of whom were black, had been killed mostly by police or national guard troops. King was a believer in non-violence. His faith in this tactic was grounded in his religious faith and his study of the life of Mahatma Gandhi, the leader of the Indian struggle for independence. "I haven't been elected as the King's first minister," said British Prime Minister Winston Churchill "to negotiate independence" with what Churchill called "a half naked fakir". This was Churchill 's name for Gandhi. Yet in the end Gandhi's non-violent campaign did win India its independence. King thought he could use Gandhi's tactics to win equality for African-Americans.
Unfortunately many white people in the United States reacted to King's nonviolent campaigns with terrible brutality. They were anything but apostles of non-violence. Even before King was killed police and others killed black people. The great riot in the Watts district of Los Angeles in 1965 was triggered by police violence. The great Detroit riot in 1967 was met by police and National Guard force. Over two dozen African Americans were killed in this rebellion.
The Reverend King's hopes that he could win his campaigns for racial justice didn't always get respect from American forces of law and order.
Martin Luther King Junior was an apostle of non-violence. All his campaigns were based on the ethic of never meeting violence with violence. In his lifetime King was imprisoned. handcuffed, tear gassed and assaulted. He and other members of his organization the Southern Christian Leadership Conference were committed to never lifting their fists to reply to violence, King himself was nearly killed twice before he was shot dead.
African Americans paid a terrible price for their campaign against racial injustice. Medgar Evers was one of the American south's promoters of racial justice. He was shot dead in his house in the summer of 1963. A few months later a bomb went off in a church mostly attended by black people and killed four African American children. Arsonists burned down many churches in Mississippi where black people came together and planned to tear down white racism. Police frequently sprayed protestors with tear gas, hosed them with water cannons, unleashed attack dogs on anti-racist marchers and clubbed many of them to the ground.
"I don't believe in this non-violence," one black man told me tin the summer of 1963. To this man it only meant that "we black people get hurt. Nobody else does." Three people were killed in the Mississipp Summer of 1964, two of whom were white and one who was black. Two people were killed in the middle of the 1965 demonstrations in Selma. And when King was assasinated, major rebellions broke out across the United States and involved mostly African Americans
When the fires of this revolt were crushed, close to 170 people nearly of whom were black, had been killed mostly by police or national guard troops. King was a believer in non-violence. His faith in this tactic was grounded in his religious faith and his study of the life of Mahatma Gandhi, the leader of the Indian struggle for independence. "I haven't been elected as the King's first minister," said British Prime Minister Winston Churchill "to negotiate independence" with what Churchill called "a half naked fakir". This was Churchill 's name for Gandhi. Yet in the end Gandhi's non-violent campaign did win India its independence. King thought he could use Gandhi's tactics to win equality for African-Americans.
Unfortunately many white people in the United States reacted to King's nonviolent campaigns with terrible brutality. They were anything but apostles of non-violence. Even before King was killed police and others killed black people. The great riot in the Watts district of Los Angeles in 1965 was triggered by police violence. The great Detroit riot in 1967 was met by police and National Guard force. Over two dozen African Americans were killed in this rebellion.
The Reverend King's hopes that he could win his campaigns for racial justice didn't always get respect from American forces of law and order.
Monday, 19 August 2019
Let Us Now Praise Martin Luther King Junior by Dave Jaffe: Part Two.
Let Us Now Praise Martin Luther King Junior : Part Two.
The officially approved story of Martin Luther King Junior's life usually ends in 1965. By the middle of this year King had won the Nobel Peace prize, played a major role in the desegregation of the American South and had created tremendous pressure on then president Lyndon Johnson to pass a Voting Rights Act. This act for the first time in a hundred years enabled many African Americans, especially those in the south to vote in elections.
After this, King's later acts aren't mentioned. Then under the very conservative presidency of Ronald Reagan, King's birthday on January 15th was proclaimed a national holiday. "King's elevation to national sainthood during the 1980's and 1990's," writes historian Tom Adam Davies, "was freighted with political purpose."
Davies is a lecturer in American History at the University of Sussex in England. He notes that the struggle for black equality in the U.S.A., from about 1954 to 1965 is celebrated by many Americans. "These moments of U.S. history," Davies writes, "are woven into a story of racial enlightenment." It's a soothing morality tale, he points out "in which King's noble civil rights movement opened white America's eyes to racial injustice."
After 1965 and the passage of the Voting Rights Act, everything just great. There's no need for any more marches or the militancy of the Black Panthers or the Black Power movements of the late 1960's. The U.S. is once again a perfect equal society that Reverend King and hundreds of thousands of black male and female protestors, and some white allies had created. Or so goes the officially approved version of King's life.
Of course people should remember that Martin Luther King Junior didn't create the civil rights movement. Let's recap some of the highlights of this great tide of protest that flowed across the U.S. after World war Two. The 1954 Supreme Court's decision in 1954 in Brown Versus Board of Education struck a big blow in favour of equal education for black and white students. Rosa Parks refused to sit at the back of the bus where black people were forced to sit in Montgomery and other southern cities that had public transportation. Parks helped trigger the Montgomery Bus Boycott in 1955 that propelled Reverend King into a leadership role in the civil rights movement.
Black and then some white youth sat in at white only restaurant counters in the American south in 1960. The protestors refused to move even when white assaulted and beat them. Young African Americans and some whites rode on buses into the segregated south in 1961. White mobs beat these protestors viciously. Then the Freedom Riders as they were then known as,were thrown into prisons where they were treated terribly. Black people helped create the Mississippi Freedom Summer of 1964 where white and black people tried to register African Americans in the most racist state in the union.
Reverend King was only part of this great movement for racial equality. Yet all movements need a leader and he became the most important leader in this struggle. His assassination in 1968 was a major blow to the African American struggle for justice.
The officially approved story of Martin Luther King Junior's life usually ends in 1965. By the middle of this year King had won the Nobel Peace prize, played a major role in the desegregation of the American South and had created tremendous pressure on then president Lyndon Johnson to pass a Voting Rights Act. This act for the first time in a hundred years enabled many African Americans, especially those in the south to vote in elections.
After this, King's later acts aren't mentioned. Then under the very conservative presidency of Ronald Reagan, King's birthday on January 15th was proclaimed a national holiday. "King's elevation to national sainthood during the 1980's and 1990's," writes historian Tom Adam Davies, "was freighted with political purpose."
Davies is a lecturer in American History at the University of Sussex in England. He notes that the struggle for black equality in the U.S.A., from about 1954 to 1965 is celebrated by many Americans. "These moments of U.S. history," Davies writes, "are woven into a story of racial enlightenment." It's a soothing morality tale, he points out "in which King's noble civil rights movement opened white America's eyes to racial injustice."
After 1965 and the passage of the Voting Rights Act, everything just great. There's no need for any more marches or the militancy of the Black Panthers or the Black Power movements of the late 1960's. The U.S. is once again a perfect equal society that Reverend King and hundreds of thousands of black male and female protestors, and some white allies had created. Or so goes the officially approved version of King's life.
Of course people should remember that Martin Luther King Junior didn't create the civil rights movement. Let's recap some of the highlights of this great tide of protest that flowed across the U.S. after World war Two. The 1954 Supreme Court's decision in 1954 in Brown Versus Board of Education struck a big blow in favour of equal education for black and white students. Rosa Parks refused to sit at the back of the bus where black people were forced to sit in Montgomery and other southern cities that had public transportation. Parks helped trigger the Montgomery Bus Boycott in 1955 that propelled Reverend King into a leadership role in the civil rights movement.
Black and then some white youth sat in at white only restaurant counters in the American south in 1960. The protestors refused to move even when white assaulted and beat them. Young African Americans and some whites rode on buses into the segregated south in 1961. White mobs beat these protestors viciously. Then the Freedom Riders as they were then known as,were thrown into prisons where they were treated terribly. Black people helped create the Mississippi Freedom Summer of 1964 where white and black people tried to register African Americans in the most racist state in the union.
Reverend King was only part of this great movement for racial equality. Yet all movements need a leader and he became the most important leader in this struggle. His assassination in 1968 was a major blow to the African American struggle for justice.
Saturday, 17 August 2019
Let Us Now Praise Martin Luther King Juniosr by Dave Jaffe. Part One
Let Us Now Praise Martin Luther King Junior by Dave Jaffe.
Come. Let us now praise Martin Luther King Junior a very exceptional American.. So many people in the United States have done so. This short dark skinned minister shook America to its foundations between 1955 and 1968. His struggle for justice for African Americans and later for others ended when he was shot dead while still only in his late 30's.
In fact whatever your politics are you can praise King. Hard core conservatives like Rush Limbaugh, Glenn Beck and other right wingers have done so. So do American liberals. Yet there's a crucial difference that looms between the two political camps in America. The left wingers and liberals point out that their county is still a very unequal place and that white racism still thrives.
Limbaugh, Beck and others say no. America, they argue is a post racial country which people like Martin Luther King helped create.
Yet why do right wing pundits and politicians praise King? For the reverend King in the closing years of his very life leveled many tough words at the U.S. of A. In a famous speech at a New York church in 1967 he denounced America's war in Vietnam. He even went further than this. My country, he told the congregation, "is the greatest purveyor of violence in the world."
The year before in 1966 he led an unsuccessful campaign to desegregate the northern city of Chicago. "Chicago," he said in effect at the time," has few lessons to learn about racism from Mississippi." The state he was talking about was back then the most racist region of America. Yet in Chicago King faced bitter and sometimes violent resistance from white people.
And when he was shot dead in March 1968 in Memphis Tennessee he was in the middle of supporting a civic workers' strike of mostly black people. This supportive role was part and parcel of his anti-poverty campaign to wipe out poverty in America. In fact, Martin Luther King in 1968 was planning to lead a poor people's march on Washington, D.C. King vowed that his non-violent army of the poor would not end their sit in until poverty was abolished in America.
So how could such a left leaning courageous man be praised by white conservatives? It's quite simple. This great man is dead and his earlier deeds are praised. The later King's actions are forgotten or smoothed over. Then after he was killed, his birthday was made into a national holiday.
Let's just recap some of King's great deeds. His great campaign in Birmingham, Alabama in 1963 and the March on Washington in the same year, led directly to the Civil Rights Act of 1964. This act abolished parts of the terrible white segregation regime in the southern United States. Then this father of four led a march through Selma and the state of Alabama in 1965 that gave the U.S. the Voting Rights Act. This act finally allowed many black people and other people of colour the right to vote. Today many black people and others sit in the halls of power which they were kept out of for many years. These were two awesome changes in the United States.
In the middle of his campaign in Alabama King won the Nobel Peace Prize and his face and his struggle achieved world wide coverage. As people might have said back then, if the internet had been around "King and his struggle for racial justice went viral."
Come. Let us now praise Martin Luther King Junior a very exceptional American.. So many people in the United States have done so. This short dark skinned minister shook America to its foundations between 1955 and 1968. His struggle for justice for African Americans and later for others ended when he was shot dead while still only in his late 30's.
In fact whatever your politics are you can praise King. Hard core conservatives like Rush Limbaugh, Glenn Beck and other right wingers have done so. So do American liberals. Yet there's a crucial difference that looms between the two political camps in America. The left wingers and liberals point out that their county is still a very unequal place and that white racism still thrives.
Limbaugh, Beck and others say no. America, they argue is a post racial country which people like Martin Luther King helped create.
Yet why do right wing pundits and politicians praise King? For the reverend King in the closing years of his very life leveled many tough words at the U.S. of A. In a famous speech at a New York church in 1967 he denounced America's war in Vietnam. He even went further than this. My country, he told the congregation, "is the greatest purveyor of violence in the world."
The year before in 1966 he led an unsuccessful campaign to desegregate the northern city of Chicago. "Chicago," he said in effect at the time," has few lessons to learn about racism from Mississippi." The state he was talking about was back then the most racist region of America. Yet in Chicago King faced bitter and sometimes violent resistance from white people.
And when he was shot dead in March 1968 in Memphis Tennessee he was in the middle of supporting a civic workers' strike of mostly black people. This supportive role was part and parcel of his anti-poverty campaign to wipe out poverty in America. In fact, Martin Luther King in 1968 was planning to lead a poor people's march on Washington, D.C. King vowed that his non-violent army of the poor would not end their sit in until poverty was abolished in America.
So how could such a left leaning courageous man be praised by white conservatives? It's quite simple. This great man is dead and his earlier deeds are praised. The later King's actions are forgotten or smoothed over. Then after he was killed, his birthday was made into a national holiday.
Let's just recap some of King's great deeds. His great campaign in Birmingham, Alabama in 1963 and the March on Washington in the same year, led directly to the Civil Rights Act of 1964. This act abolished parts of the terrible white segregation regime in the southern United States. Then this father of four led a march through Selma and the state of Alabama in 1965 that gave the U.S. the Voting Rights Act. This act finally allowed many black people and other people of colour the right to vote. Today many black people and others sit in the halls of power which they were kept out of for many years. These were two awesome changes in the United States.
In the middle of his campaign in Alabama King won the Nobel Peace Prize and his face and his struggle achieved world wide coverage. As people might have said back then, if the internet had been around "King and his struggle for racial justice went viral."
Wednesday, 7 August 2019
Andy Warhol Kept Me Drawing: Part Three by Dave Jaffe.
Andy Warhol Kept Me Drawing: Part Three.
The more I read about Andy Warhol in his biography by Victor Bockris the less I liked him. And even when he passed away in 1987 I was sorry but hardly overwhelmed by grief..
Yet a few weeks ago I was on the point of giving up all drawing and painting. Then I came across
a book on Warhol by Trewin Copplestsone and I was impressed. I have now taken up some of Warhol's art style and I realize how important he was.
His style is easy to copy. I simply find a photo, change the photo a bit and then draw the changed photo on paper three times or more. Then I lightly draw an abstract painting over the photos. As Andy Warhol might say about my finished work, "Wow" or "It's great." Or more likely he might exclaim, "I can do a lot better than that."
For Warhol was a brilliant artist. I have only a tiny fraction of his talent. My art work is competent but no more than that. Even so, his work has inspired me and kept me drawing. So I'm grateful to Andy Warhol no matter what he was like as a person.
The more I read about Andy Warhol in his biography by Victor Bockris the less I liked him. And even when he passed away in 1987 I was sorry but hardly overwhelmed by grief..
Yet a few weeks ago I was on the point of giving up all drawing and painting. Then I came across
a book on Warhol by Trewin Copplestsone and I was impressed. I have now taken up some of Warhol's art style and I realize how important he was.
His style is easy to copy. I simply find a photo, change the photo a bit and then draw the changed photo on paper three times or more. Then I lightly draw an abstract painting over the photos. As Andy Warhol might say about my finished work, "Wow" or "It's great." Or more likely he might exclaim, "I can do a lot better than that."
For Warhol was a brilliant artist. I have only a tiny fraction of his talent. My art work is competent but no more than that. Even so, his work has inspired me and kept me drawing. So I'm grateful to Andy Warhol no matter what he was like as a person.
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