An Inspiring Artist: By Dave Jaffe. Part Two.
In 1914 at the start od the First World War, Vassily Kandinsky fled back to Russia. There he saw the Russian revolution of October 1917 sweep away the old order. The Russian Revolution led by Lenin, set up communism and abolished tsarist rule and private property. At first Kandinsky sympathized with the revolution although he lost all his property. He worked for the new government and travelled across the country setting up art museums. Yet the political climate soon hardened and Kandinsky realized that he couldn't live under the new communist regime.
In 1921 Kandinsky moved back to Germany to work at the Bauhaus Institute. Its aim was to merge the work of visual artists, architects and others to create a new world of social justice in Germany. Here Kandinsky met and worked with modern artists like Josef Albers, Paul Klee and others. Yet many Germans didn't like the Bauhaus institute. They found it dangerous and too left leaning. Germany was in very bad shape. It had lost the first world war, saw millions of it citizens killed in the combat, and many of its territories were handed over to other countries. It was also saddled with massive debt that the war's victors like Britain and France forced it to pay as reparations.
The Bauhaus school was forced to move twice. Then came the Great Depression of 1929. Germany was hit hard by the financial collapse. As the jobless rate soared up to 40 per cent, support for the Nazi Party led by Adolf Hitler climbed up too. In 1933, Hitler became Germany's chancellor and the Nazis crushed all dissent. They closed down the Bauhaus and Kandinsky fled to France.
"My roots in Germany are still deep," Kandinsky once said. Yet from the mid-1930's, he lived in France. By now he had split up with Gabrielle Minter and married again. Nina Andrevskaya was a conventional cheerful affectionate woman who loved fashionable clothes and good times. She was much younger than Kandinsky, yet she respected and loved him. In France, most people ignored Kandinsky's art but he kept on painting.
His bright colours and swirling forms now changed into triangular shapes, diagonals and straight lines. These new paintings didn't match the power of Kandinsky's earlier work. Also the theories that he worked out to support his art may have hurt his creativity. Still, he kept on painting. Yet soon more trouble landed near his doorstep.
In 1940 the Germans led by Hitler invaded and occupied France. Like the communist ruler Stalin, but for different reasons, Hitler hated abstract art. Many visual artists and other intellectuals fled to the U.S. and Britain. Yet Kandinsky and Nina stayed in a suburb of Paris throughout the Nazi occupation. No Nazis appeared to hunt Kandinsky. He had not been welcomed by most French artists and critics. And he had remained aloof from all the feuds and controversies that were part of the French art world. So the Nazis probably didn't notice Kandinsky and left him alone.
Kandinsky celebrated his 75th birthday with his wife and some friends. He died in 1944 at the age of 78. "To-day," the British art critic John Berger wrote in 1965, "there are still pockets of exemption anywhere." Kandinsky lived in a pocket of exemptions. He survived while living under two of the most ruthless governments in history, namely Stalin's Soviet Union and Hitler's Nazi regime .Both governments despised modern art. Yet Kandinsky painted abstract art and died peacefully in his bed.
Of course he was lucky. He was born into the richest 1 per cent of Russia. And at each stage of his life he found a woman to love and take care of him. Yet his life illustrates the fact that many people live under terrible governments and yet create beautiful things. In this age of tyranny we should remember this great man and honour him.
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